Chapter 15 WiFi Working Modes
=======================================

In this chapter, we'll focus on the WiFi infrastructure for ESP32-S3 WROOM. ESP3
2-S3 WROOM has 3 different WiFi operating modes: station mode, AP mode and AP+sta
tion mode. All WiFi programming projects must be configured with WiFi operating m
ode before using WiFi, otherwise WiFi cannot be used.

Project 15.1 Station mode
--------------------------------

Component List
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
- ESP32-S3-WROOM x1
- Type C USB Cable x1

Connect
^^^^^^^
Connect ESP32-S3 to the computer using the USB cable.

.. image:: img/0/connect1.png

Sketch
^^^^^^^
**Sketch_15.1_Station_mode**

.. image:: img/software/23.1.png

Because the names and passwords of routers in various places are different, befo
re the Sketch runs, users need to enter the correct router’s name and password i
n the box as shown in the illustration above. After making sure the router name a
nd password are entered correctly, compile and upload codes to ESP32S3 WROOM, op
en serial monitor and set baud rate to 115200. And then it will display as follo
ws:

.. image:: img/phenomenon/23.1.png

Code
^^^^^^
The following is the program code:

.. code-block:: C

    #include <WiFi.h>
  
    const char *ssid_Router     = "********"; //Enter the router name
    const char *password_Router = "********"; //Enter the router password

    void setup(){
    Serial.begin(115200);
    delay(2000);
    Serial.println("Setup start");
    WiFi.begin(ssid_Router, password_Router);
    Serial.println(String("Connecting to ")+ssid_Router);
    while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED){
        delay(500);
        Serial.print(".");
    }
    Serial.println("\nConnected, IP address: ");
    Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
    Serial.println("Setup End");
    }
    
    void loop() {
    }


Project 15.2 AP mode
------------------------

Component List & Circuit 
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Component List & Circuit are the same as in Project 15.1.

Circuit
^^^^^^^
Connect ESP32-S3 to the computer using the USB cable.

.. image:: img/0/connect1.png

Sketch
^^^^^^^
.. image:: img/software/23.2.png

Before the Sketch runs, you can make any changes to the AP name and password for 
ESP32-S3 in the box as shown in the illustration above. Of course, you can leave 
it alone by default.

Compile and upload codes to ESP32-S3 WROOM, open the serial monitor and set the 
baud rate to 115200. And then it will display as follows.

.. image:: img/phenomenon/23.2.png

When observing the print information of the serial monitor, turn on the WiFi 
scanning function of your phone, and you can see the ssid_AP on ESP32-S3, which 
is called "Your_AP" in this Sketch. You can enter the password "12345678" to 
connect it or change its AP name and password by modifying Sketch.

.. image:: img/phenomenon/23.2-1.jpg

Code
^^^^^^
The following is the program code:

.. code-block:: C

    #include <WiFi.h>

    const char *ssid_AP     = "Your_AP"; //Enter the router name
    const char *password_AP = "12345678"; //Enter the router password

    IPAddress local_IP(192,168,1,100);//Set the IP address of ESP32 itself
    IPAddress gateway(192,168,1,10);   //Set the gateway of ESP32 itself
    IPAddress subnet(255,255,255,0);  //Set the subnet mask for ESP32 itself

    void setup(){
    Serial.begin(115200);  // Initialize serial communication
    delay(2000);  // Wait for 2 seconds
    Serial.println("Setting soft-AP configuration ... ");
    WiFi.disconnect();  // Disconnect from any existing WiFi connection
    WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);  // Set WiFi mode to Access Point

    // Configure the soft-AP with the specified IP, gateway, and subnet
    Serial.println(WiFi.softAPConfig(local_IP, gateway, subnet) ? "Ready" : "Failed!");

    Serial.println("Setting soft-AP ... ");
    boolean result = WiFi.softAP(ssid_AP, password_AP);  // Start the soft-AP
    if(result){
        Serial.println("Ready");
        // Print the IP address and MAC address of the soft-AP
        Serial.println(String("Soft-AP IP address = ") + WiFi.softAPIP().toString());
        Serial.println(String("MAC address = ") + WiFi.softAPmacAddress().c_str());
    }else{
        Serial.println("Failed!");
    }
    Serial.println("Setup End");
    }
    
    void loop() {
    // The loop is empty as this example only sets up the soft-AP
    }


Project 15.3 AP+Station mode
----------------------------------

Component List & Circuit
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Component List & Circuit are the same as in Project 15.1.

.. image:: img/0/connect1.png

Sketch
^^^^^^^
**Sketch_15.3_AP_Station_mode**

.. image:: img/software/23.3.png

It is analogous to Project 15.1 and Project 15.2. Before running the Sketch, 
you need to modify ssid_Router, password_Router, ssid_AP and password_AP shown in the box of the illustration above.

After making sure that Sketch is modified correctly, compile and upload codes to 
ESP32-S3 WROOM, open serial monitor and set baud rate to 115200. And then it 
will display as follows:

.. image:: img/phenomenon/23.3.png

When observing the print information of the serial monitor, turn on the WiFi 
scanning function of your phone, and you can see the ssid_AP on ESP32-S3.

.. image:: img/software/23.3-1.jpg

Code
^^^^^^
The following is the program code:

.. code-block:: C

    #include <WiFi.h>

    const char *ssid_Router     = "xxxxxxxxxxx";  // Enter the router name
    const char *password_Router = "xxxxxxxxxxx";  // Enter the router password
    const char *ssid_AP         = "WIFI_Name"; // Enter the AP name
    const char *password_AP     = "12345678";  // Enter the AP password

    void setup() {
    Serial.begin(115200);
    Serial.println("Setting up ESP32...");

    // Set up the soft-AP configuration
    Serial.println("Setting soft-AP configuration...");
    WiFi.disconnect();
    WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP_STA); // Set the mode to both AP and STA
    Serial.println("Setting soft-AP...");
    boolean apResult = WiFi.softAP(ssid_AP, password_AP);
    if (apResult) {
        Serial.println("AP Ready");
        Serial.println(String("Soft-AP IP address = ") + WiFi.softAPIP().toString());
        Serial.println(String("MAC address = ") + WiFi.softAPmacAddress().c_str());
    } else {
        Serial.println("AP Failed!");
    }

    // Set up the station configuration
    Serial.println("\nSetting Station configuration...");
    WiFi.begin(ssid_Router, password_Router);
    Serial.println(String("Connecting to ") + ssid_Router);
    while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
        delay(500);
        Serial.print(".");
    }
    Serial.println("\nConnected, IP address: ");
    Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
    Serial.println("Setup End");
    }

    void loop() {
    // You can add code here to handle traffic between the AP and Station interfaces
    }